Gulliver’s travels- Jonathan Swift.
- · Part 1 A Voyage to Lilliput-
This deals with
Gulliver’s experiences in the land of the little people, who are no more than
six-inches tall. It is on one level an absorbing tale of the adventures of the
giant Gulliver among the midgets of Lilliput and on another level rich in
England. It is above all a scathing satire on the moral pettiness of human as
seem in the behavior of the Lilliputians. Human beings are filled with and
importance and cannot view themselves and objectivity. Their pride and
boastfulness are revealed as ridiculous when perceived from Gulliver’s great
height. As we saw that the people of Lilliput are more than
six-inches tall. All their acts and motives are on the same dwarfish, petty
quarrels of these dwarfs, we are supposed to see the littleness and humanity.
The statesmen who obtain place and favor by cutting monkey capers the tight
rope before their sovereign and the two great parties, the little-Indians and
big-Indians, who plugs the country into civil-war over the momentous question
of whether an egg should be broken on its big or on politics of Swift’s own
days and generations. In society, also, we see that type of people who shows
littleness in their nature and also shows the narrow mind. All their actions
and aims in life are at low level. They never try to come out from it. Their
narrow and they live their life. They are always busy in petty things
because they can’t think they can’t think to go ahead in life. This shows in
trivial matters.
·
Part
– II: - A Voyage to Brobdingnag.
In this voyage, the
situation is reversed. Gulliver is now marooned and dwarfed in the land of
giants who are over forty feet tall. He now becomes the midget he had laughed
at in Lilliput, observed through the microscopic eyes of Gulliver, the
Brobdingnagians are hideous in size and stature and Gulliver realizes that he
must have been just as hideous to the little people in Lilliput. Here, Swift
satirizes the physical grossness of the human and the grotesque ugliness of the
human body. Gulliver is little more than an insect in Brobdingnag and at his
best, an amusing toy.
When Gulliver tells
about his own people, their ambitions and comes and conquests, the giants can
only wonder that such great venom could exist in such little insects. Here, in
the second part, Gulliver is alone among the giants. He is showed as insects
among the Brobdingnagians because they think this way. Here, Swift
satires on the Brobdignagian’s unpleasant and unattractively large body. In a
way, there are lots of people in society who are huge at status but their
thinking shows their narrowness. Also he satires on the ugliness of the
Brobdignagians. It shows that the thinking of that time of people who has very
ugly motif in their life to fulfil their wishes. We can see this, Brobdignagians, type of people
around us and also both we can see the physical grossness and ugliness in
people. By this, we can know their aims of life. They just boast on their
endeavor, conquest. This type of people believes that others are nothing
before them. They show others inferior but in reality, their unattractivity and
ugliness becomes them inferior.
·
Part
– III: - A Voyage to Laputa.
In
this voyage, Swift satires on the Scientist and Philosophers of the age. The
people of Laputa have extraordinary physical features- head turned at angle,
one eye turned upward and the other inward. Through the people of Laputa, Swift
ridicules the experiments of the royal society and allied institution of the
time. The frightening emptiness and sterility of a purely scientific
society is evident from this book. The philosophers who worked eight years to
extract sunshine from cucumbers are typical of Swift’s satire treatment of all
scientific problems. It is in this voyage hear of the struldbrugs, a ghastly
race of the men who are doomed to live up on the earth after losing hope and
the desire for life.
The picture is all the
more terrible in view of the last years of Swift’s own life in which he was
compelled to live on a burden to himself and his friends. In this third good,
Gulliver’s journeys go through different people, culture, custom and rules. The
strange thing of the people of Laputa regarding the physical structure of the
body shows types of people at that time. Also Swift’s disliked the society of
his time that’s why he satires on it. Here, cucumber is the typical of Swift’s
satiric treatment of all scientific problems. This shows the ridiculous thing
of scientific problems show that time of things. There are different
types of people who show different types of culture of swift’s time.
·
Part-IV:- A voyage to the country of the
Houyhnhnms:-
In this voyage, Gulliver narrates his experiences of his
journey to the land of the Houyhnhnms and the yahoos. The horses are creatures
governed by solely by reason, free from any emotions and passions, while the
yahoos who physically resemble human beings are ruled purely by animal’s
instincts. Swift seems to indicate to us that the nature of the
human is complex and defies definition unlike that of the yahoos and the
Houyhnhnms. The book for all its harsh satire and anger, instructs human to see
themselves with humility and honesty and it condemns pride ego and myopic
self-esteem. It urges every person to use reason to be a good Christian. Swift
here tries to say that we have to live our life in away in which we can show
the humanity. Swift emphasized on the yahoos that despite of human being,
they are unspeakable persons who show the brutality of that time. Also by the
female yahoos Swift shows the lust in their nature this also a picture of his
time. We have to live like a good Christian and try to avoid that all
things which damages humanity.
Reference:-
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